Power System Optimisation and Planning
Advanced Power System Engineering for Renewable Integration and System Stability
At Energynautics, we dedicate a team of experts to high-detail power system analytics for the energy transition in power grids. Operating at the intersection of market and physical systems, our hybrid workflow pairs dispatch optimisation with detailed stability analysis to identify technical limits that emerge as power systems transition to high renewable penetration.
Our approach integrates transparent, scriptable modelling frameworks with open-source software as well as established commercial tools to deliver verified engineering data and nodal-level insights. From initial site selection to advanced frequency control, we ensure that grid investments are technically viable and operationally resilient.
Services & Solutions at a Glance
Energynautics provides targeted power system analyses across diverse client requirements, from European transmission system operators (TSOs) to international development agencies:
TSOs and
Regulators
Project Developers and Industry
Emerging Markets and
Utilities
Consultancies and
Modelling Teams
Our Modelling Approach
Bridging Economics and Physics
The complexity of power systems requires dual-layer analysis: while economic optimisation determines investment pathways, physical constraints—such as dynamic stability, reserve sizing, and system inertia—define operational feasibility. To ensure planning scenarios are both economically sound and technically implementable, Energynautics deploys a hybrid workflow that directly connects market behaviour with electrical realities.
Traceable & Calibrated Toolchains
We couple tools such as PyPSA, PLEXOS or OPTGEN-SDDP for capacity expansion planning and optimal dispatch analysis with electrical simulation software like PowerFactory, PSCAD or PSS/E for detailed stability assessment of critical operating conditions. Drawing on extensive experience across multiple modelling environments, we adapt our toolkit to specific client requirements and grid contexts, avoiding the generic assumptions that often distort standard dispatch models.
Open-Source Traceability & Solver Calibration
Utilising open-source frameworks such as PyPSA and HiGHS ensures full traceability of results and facilitates the seamless handover of source code and data. This transparent methodology allows mathematical solvers to be calibrated to specific physical characteristics of the grid.
Advanced Simulation & Tool Integration
Our modelling architecture is designed to handle high computational complexity without sacrificing nodal-level physical accuracy.
Parallelised Operational Simulations
Standard 8,760-hour annual simulations often require significant grid simplifications to remain computationally tractable. Energynautics employs parallelised operational simulations with shorter time horizons and high modelling detail, enabling:
- Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) with full nodal n-1 security.
- Detailed efficiency curves for thermal generators and other assets.
- Mixed-integer or convex-approximated frequency control reserves (primary/secondary) without computational overload.
- Storage boundary conditions via cyclic constraints, pre-optimisation, or iterative refinement.
- Non-linear investment optimisation through outer-loop formulations.
PowerFactory & PSS/E Bridge
Linear optimisation models cannot natively assess dynamic grid stability. To solve this, we use custom scripts to export critical dispatch snapshots directly from PyPSA to DIgSILENT PowerFactory or any other electrical simulation software. This automated interface enables detailed analysis of voltage stability, frequency response, and transient behaviour. A similar interface exists between PLEXOS and PSS/E.
Beyond Linear Dispatch with Pyomo
Standard dispatch models often fall short when evaluating complex industrial assets. For complex industrial applications, such as e-fuel production facilities or optimal mixing problems, we utilise Pyomo (also: Pyoframe). This allows us to accurately model quadratic constraints and non-linear efficiencies that sit entirely beyond the scope of conventional linear frameworks.
Grid Curation
Market Physics & Data Integrity
The validity of any power system optimisation relies on the accuracy of the underlying grid model. As European electricity markets transition from legacy Net Transfer Capacity (NTC) models to Flow-Based Market Coupling (FBMC), the requirement for physical precision has become paramount. Unlike NTC models that treat cross-border capacities as independent variables, FBMC utilises Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDF) for an accurate representation of power flows. These impedance-based factors reflect how power physically distributes across the meshed AC grid.
Curated European Grid Models
Energynautics develops high-fidelity European grid models using TSO-verified sources, including the JAO static grid model and ENTSO-E datasets. We apply automated data quality pipelines to ensure impedance and topology parameters reflect true physical network characteristics. This approach allows us to support market analysis with FBMC parameters in full detail, ensuring that commercial market outcomes remain within the technical security limits of the physical grid.
FBMC, Data Cleaning & Aggregation: A Multi-Step Engineering Process
1. Data Source Integration & Harmonisation
Transmission grid data is often publicly available, but inconsistent in quality and format across different regions. Energynautics integrates multiple sources, including JAO SGM, OpenStreetMap, PyPSA-Eur, ENTSO-E transparency platform, national development plans, and TSO datasets. We evaluate source priority and resolve conflicting information. Our simulation runs provide additional consistency checks to ensure a robust foundation for further analysis.
2. Physics-Preserving Network Aggregation
To maintain computational efficiency without losing accuracy, we use advanced impedance-fitting to create aggregated networks. Unlike standard clustering techniques, this methodology preserves the physical flow characteristics of the original high-voltage system, preventing the mathematical distortions that often occur in simplified models.
3. Constraint Injection & FBMC Polytopes
We calculate FBMC Polytopes—a strongly reduced set of constraints (CNECs) that define feasible power flows—for future grid scenarios. This includes hourly Remaining Available Margin (RAM) calculations performed according to current regulations. This service allows consultancies and modelling teams to upgrade existing NTC models to a full FBMC framework.
4. Internal HVDC & Redispatch Quantification
Traditional NTC models often fail to represent the impact of controllable DC corridors. We provide accurate modelling of internal HVDC links, such as SuedLink, and replicate TSO redispatch as a separate nodal n-1 optimisation step. This allows for the precise quantification of real-world grid adjustments required following market clearing.
5. Realistic Outage Modelling
To ensure robust system security assessment, we incorporate both randomised forced outages and pre-optimised planned maintenance schedules into our models. This approach enables comprehensive stress-testing under realistic n-1 conditions, even when detailed maintenance data is unavailable.
Island Systems
The Engineering Challenge
While massive interconnected networks primarily manage market flows and thermal limits, synchronously independent island systems operate under entirely different physical constraints. In these isolated grids, dynamic frequency and voltage stability strictly dictate technical limits, taking precedence over the thermal congestion that typically constrains larger systems.
Our Expertise in Isolated Networks
Energynautics specialises in the high-granularity analysis required for small power systems. Working closely with our dynamic stability team, we navigate the unique challenges associated with the integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) in synchronously independent (islanded) systems. Our approach ensures operational resilience for systems ranging from kilowatt-scale microgrids to gigawatt-scale island nations, bridging the gap between theoretical planning and physical reality.
Synchronously Independent Power Systems
To address the volatility inherent in isolated grids, we employ a bottom-up methodology that pairs rigorous time-domain simulations with detailed asset-level modelling. This ensures that every planning scenario is technically viable under the most stringent operating conditions.
Islanded Systems Methodology
Dynamic Stability & Frequency Control
We utilise time-domain simulations to model Fast Frequency Response (FFR), synthetic inertia, and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). This is critical for mitigating n-1 events in low-inertia environments where frequency deviates significantly faster than in large interconnected grids.
Bottom-Up Technical Modelling
Rather than relying on aggregated equivalents, we perform “bottom-up” simulation of governors, automatic voltage regulators (AVRs), and power system stabilisers (PSS). We integrate real-world operational constraints—such as ramp rates and minimum stable generation—to ensure theoretical plans are physically achievable.
Weak Grid & EMT Analysis
For islands with low Short Circuit Ratios (SCR), we use electromagnetic transient (EMT) and root mean square (RMS) simulations to identify the precise thresholds where VRE causes control interactions. We specify Grid Forming (GFM) requirements to maintain stability in non-meshed or radial topologies.
Scalable Engineering Benchmarks
We apply size-specific modelling across all scales. By determining which mathematical simplifications are permissible for a given system, we optimise computational resources and delivery timelines without compromising the physical accuracy of the results.
Energynautics: Your Partner for Complex Grid Engineering
To navigate the complexities of the global energy transition, a one-size-fits-all approach is rarely sufficient. Energynautics provides individualised power system consultancy, selecting the optimal technical and economic methodologies based on your system’s geographical scale and operational complexity.
Beyond Modelling: Implementation & Training
Yet, our role extends beyond data delivery. We ensure that technical findings translate into transparent and actionable engineering decisions.
- Stakeholder Management: We present complex engineering results in a clear, decision-ready format to regulatory bodies, TSOs, and investors.
- Capacity Building: To ensure long-term project success of your operations, we offer tailored training sessions that strengthen your team’s in-house expertise in power system modelling and grid operation.
Whether you are operating a kilowatt-scale microgrid or managing gigawatt-scale transmission infrastructure, we provide verified engineering intelligence for technically robust and operationally resilient grid investments.
- Connect with our engineering team to discuss your specific power system analysis and renewable integration requirements.
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A Selection of our References
Filter references
EV Regulatory Framework for Uganda
Commissioned by GET.transform, Energynautics supported the Ugandan Ministry of Energy in developing a national electric vehicle charging regulatory framework to ensure a safe, interoperable and grid-stable green mobility transition.
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Distribution Network Development Plan for Stadtwerke Freudenstadt
Energynautics developed a scenario-driven grid expansion and investment roadmap for a German DSO, addressing growing demands from distributed generation and electrification on medium voltage and low voltage grids.
Read moreBidding Zone Design for Hybrid Offshore Wind Farms
On behalf of TenneT, Energynautics and Ea Energy Analyses assessed how Offshore Bidding Zones compare to Home Market models under Flow-Based Market Coupling in a 2037 scenario, revealing the balance between developer revenues, market efficiency, and grid security.
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Web-based tool for detailed long-term load and generation forecasts in low-voltage networks
On behalf of the Thüga Gruppe, Energynautics and geodata specialist enwarp gmbh have developed a new web-based tool for detailed long-term load and generation forecasts in low-voltage networks, facilitating strategic distribution grid expansion.
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Ancillary Services from Offshore Wind
For a consortium of offshore wind developers, Energynautics analyzed current and future high system value ancillary services which offshore wind farms are well suited to deliver.
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Connection Point Assessment for New HVDC Connector
Energynautics conducted an analysis to assess the technical viability of a new subsea HVDC connection between Spain and Italy.
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Load and Generation Projection for a German Utility
Energynautics compiled geographically detailed load and generation projections for the distribution grid of EWR Netz GmbH with a focus on the future growth of distributed generation and end-use electrification up to 2040.
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Low-cost, Grid-friendly Charging for Bangladesh
A smart charger for three-wheeler charging stations in Bangladesh was developed to mitigate the grid load during peak hours.
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EV Integration Handbook
Energynautics together with RE-xpertise developed a handbook on best practices for the integration of electric vehicles into the distribution grid.
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Power System Planning for IRRP Development in CARICOM States
On behalf of GIZ, Energynautics supported the Caribbean Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (CCREEE) with generation and grid expansion planning in Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.
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NGESO Reactive Power Market Design
Development of a market-based solution for reactive power management in the GB transmission system, ensuring cost efficient provision to maintain system voltage security in a zero-carbon system.
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IRENA Report: Grid Codes for Renewable Powered Systems
Energynautics supported the second IRENA Grid Code Report that highlights the latest developments and best practices for grid connection codes for power systems targeting increasing shares of VRE.
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Optimizing the Grid Operation by Using the FNN Control Box
The objective of the project is to develop a control box, the Smecon-Box, which combines local intelligence and central controllability for electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems, heat pumps and Co in order optimize the grid operation.
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Consultancy Services for the North Sea Wind Power Hub Programme
This study investigates the potential of offshore wind energy hubs in the North Sea in contrast to radially connected wind farms with the aim of optimizing the integration of offshore wind.
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Ancillary Service Review for the Mexican Power System
Energynautics engineers supported one commissioner’s office of the Mexican regulator in their ongoing review of ancillary services needed for further increases in renewable energy contribution.
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Smart Inverters for Distributed Generation
Recommendations to incorporate smart inverters for increasing the PV hosting capacity in distribution grids and grid reliability.
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Risk Management Guidelines for Solar PV Projects in Vietnam
The objective of this assignment was to develop handbooks on risk management – technical guidelines for ground-mounted and floating solar PV projects from the development to the dismantlement phase.
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Revision of Grid Codes for the Dominican Power System
Commissioned by GIZ, Energynautics conducted a revision of the transmission grid codes in the Dominican Republic to ensure their suitability for large scale VRE integration.
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Research Study on Sustainable Energy Transition and Energy Infrastructure Development Opportunities
The aim of the study was to provide input for the implementation of Resolution No 55 “Vietnam’s National Energy Development Strategy to 2030, vision to 2045” of Vietnamese Party’s Politburo and further orientations for sustainable energy transition in Vietnam.
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Role of Distribution Companies in Using Grid Support Services from Solar Rooftop PV Systems and Storage
Energynautics was commissioned by GIZ to analyse the services which can be provided by solar rooftop PV and battery storage to support the distribution grid in India.
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Distribution Grid Study in the Dominican Republic
Energynautics analyzed the maximum PV penetration levels in Dominican distribution grids.
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EU Network Codes for Estonia
Energynautics conducted a study on various aspects of grid codes, gathering international experience and accepted good practices for Estonian consortium.
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ETS Plus Emission Trading: Power Market Simulations for IFW
Energynautics was subcontracted by the IFW Kiel Institute for the World Economy within a larger project to evaluate the impact of rising emission prices on the power sector.
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Review of the Mongolian Grid Code
Energynautics was commissioned by the World Bank in 2018 to assist the Mongolian system operator to update their grid code.
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Transmission Grid Study Czech Republic
Energynautics was commissioned by a consortium of NGOs to conduct a high level transmission system study to investigate the impact of a large scale coal exit in the Czech Republic by 2030.
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REEP 1000 Islands: RE Integration in Indonesia
Commissioned by GIZ, Energynautics, Cadmus and ABO Wind provide technical support to Indonesian power system stakeholders until 2020. The project includes multiple island grid studies, development of tender documents, capacity building workshops and a revision of the distribution code.
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Vietnam Technology Assessment
Back in 2012, Vietnam published a smart grid roadmap which includes different phases for defining the smart grid implementation in Vietnam. In order to support the development of smart grids, Energynautics assessed the current smart grid progress and developed recommendations.
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PV Port & Store
India aims to install 40 GW solar PV capacity on rooftops by 2022. To support this target, Energynautics developed a standardized plug-and-play PV plus battery system which ensures uninterrupted power supply, maximization of self-consumption and peak shaving of high load peaks in the evening.
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Regional Capacity Development in ASEAN
In order to support the renewable energy development in the ASEAN region, Energynautics held three capacity building workshops to participants from utility networks, governments and other stakeholders in the public and private sector.
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Rooftop PV Policy in Vietnam
To support the Electricity Regulatory Authority of Vietnam, Energynautics developed technical requirements for rooftop solar PV installations in Vietnam, taking existing regulations, international best practices, and local development targets into account.
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Power Quality Measurement Campaign at Al Zaatari PV Power Plant
A 12,9 MWp PV power plant was built to ensure the electricity supply for the Al Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan. In order to determine the influence of the PV plant on power quality, Energynautics conducted a power quality measurement campaign at several points in the local grid.
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Smooth PV
Smart Modelling of Optimal Integration of High Penetration of PV (Smooth PV) is a project which has the objective to develop advanced modeling and simulation tools using the software tool DIgSILENT/PowerFactory in order to evaluate the impact of a large-scale penetration of PV on the optimum economical design/operation of the distribution and transmission network.
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REEP 1000 Islands
GIZ has commissioned Energynautics to conduct pilot studies for renewable integration on two Indonesian islands. The Indonesian government has set a national target of 23% electricity from renewable sources by 2025. Hybrid systems on the more than 17,000 small Indonesian islands can contribute significantly to reaching this goal.
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3DMicroGrid
Microgrids are a promising solution to facilitate the integration of renewable energies. 3DMicroGrid includes the design, development and demonstration (3D) of a future-proof active smart microgrid system to integrate and optimize multiple energy sources and loads.
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DESIGNETZ
New innovative approaches are needed for a cost-efficient integration of renewables into the distribution grid. Energynautics analyses their effectiveness and refines their use for the BDEW traffic light concept.
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How-To Guide for Variable Renewable Energy Integration
How can variable renewable energy be integrated in the Philippine power system? Energynautics shows how with a step-by-step guide developed for the World Bank and the Philippine system operator!
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Innovative Grid Toolbox
Grid expansion is an essential flexibility option for integrating ever-greater shares of variable renewable energy: We show which innovative “tools” there are in order to optimally use the transmission grid.
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IRENA Grid Code Study
Which aspects have to be considered when developing grid codes for integrating high shares of renewables while maintaining a reliable and stable power supply? We provide answers!
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European Grid Study 2030/2050
100% renewables by 2050? Commissioned by Greenpeace, the study investigated how the European grid has to be cost-optimized in order to realize the Energy [R]evolution Scenarios.
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Grid Absorption Study Seychelles
Renewable energy in small island systems brings economic benefits as well as technical challenges: We reveal how wind and solar can be optimally integrated into the Seychelles power system.
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Barbados Grid Code Review
Energy policy target for 2029: 29% renewables. With this in mind, Energynautics reviewed the Barbados Grid Code and developed new Planning and Operation Codes.
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Renewables Grid Integration Study Costa Rica
100% renewables today: Made possible by excellent wind, solar and hydro resources. We show how the power system should be organized for reliable operation.
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Snoopi – Smart Network Control with PV Infeed
PV battery systems can do more than just optimize self-consumption: Our controller stabilizes the voltage and thus paves the way for a higher PV penetration.
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Cell Controller Project
Development and test of a universal high-end Smart-Grid-Controller. The highlight: Pure autonomous island operation of the distribution system based solely on distributed energy resources.
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Distribution System Study Rhineland-Palatinate
100% renewables by 2030, that’s what the state government is aiming for. We show what this aim will mean for the distribution system of RLP and how smart grids can contribute.
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