Impulsar la transición energética:
Optimización de las inversiones y planificación del despliegue de las centrales
La modelización, simulación y optimización de sistemas de suministro eléctrico es una de las principales competencias de Energynautics. En los últimos 15 años, Energynautics no sólo ha adquirido una amplia cartera de proyectos de referencia en el campo del análisis global de sistemas a nivel de red de transporte y generación, sino también una valiosa experiencia con una amplia gama de herramientas de software. Al igual que en otras áreas cubiertas por Energynautics, DIgSILENT PowerFactory se utiliza aquí, por supuesto, como software estándar para análisis detallados de redes, pero los estudios de sistemas globales en particular requieren a menudo algunos pasos adicionales de antemano, como la planificación de las capacidades de generación a lo largo de varias décadas y/o la planificación del despliegue de centrales eléctricas en resolución horaria. Para estos problemas de optimización técnica y económica, Energynautics suele utilizar PyPSA, PLEXOS o HOMER.
En función del tamaño del sistema, el presupuesto, el plazo, la tarea y los requisitos del cliente, Energynautics identifica la solución de software óptima y aporta la experiencia necesaria para la modelización, la simulación y la evaluación de los resultados. Ya se trate de la planificación de inversiones en redes y capacidades de generación, análisis de escenarios, optimización del despliegue de centrales eléctricas para escenarios futuros o análisis detallados sobre temas como los servicios del sistema y la integración de energías renovables: los expertos de Energynautics pueden llevar a cabo los estudios necesarios, interpretar y presentar los resultados y mejorar los conocimientos internos del cliente correspondiente mediante diversas formas de formación y perfeccionamiento.
PyPSA: Solución de código abierto de configuración flexible
Energynautics lleva más de diez años utilizando soluciones de software basadas en Python para el análisis y la optimización de redes y sistemas, tanto en forma de herramientas internas como de soluciones de código abierto. El software Python más reciente y potente de la cartera es Python for Power System Analysis (PyPSA), un conjunto de herramientas de código abierto con una trayectoria universitaria que se ha consolidado en todo el mundo. En los últimos años, Energynautics ha utilizado este software en diversos proyectos y ha llevado a cabo tareas relacionadas con la planificación de inversiones y la planificación de la utilización de centrales eléctricas.
En su forma libremente disponible, PyPSA está orientado principalmente a la realización de estudios estratégicos en la red europea y ha sido utilizado por Energynautics en varias ocasiones. Sin embargo, los ingenieros de Energynautics han desarrollado ahora una serie de funciones adicionales que permiten realizar análisis mucho más detallados:
- Creación de condiciones de contorno basadas en la red para el acoplamiento del mercado de la electricidad (acoplamiento del mercado basado en el flujo) para su uso en simulaciones del mercado de la electricidad.
- Cálculos de redistribución basados en los resultados del mercado de la electricidad importada.
- Planificación de la utilización de centrales eléctricas (en función de la red o del mercado) a nivel zonal y nodal, incluido el cálculo de redes seguras (n-1), mediante la integración de solucionadores enteros mixtos (Gurobi y HiGHS).
- Cartografía detallada de las características de las unidades de generación con funciones complejas de eficiencia y costes
- Modelización detallada de cascadas hidroeléctricas
- Optimización de los servicios del sistema, especialmente la potencia de control
- Optimización a largo plazo del despliegue de recursos y de los periodos de mantenimiento de las centrales eléctricas
PLEXOS: Norma industrial para problemas económicos complejos
Energy Exemplar PLEXOS es un software de simulación de sistemas energéticos (electricidad y gas) desarrollado comercialmente y muy centrado en cuestiones económicas. En principio, puede utilizarse para los mismos fines que PyPSA, pero tiene funciones de simulación de mercado mucho más detalladas y menos detalles específicos de la red. Energynautics ha utilizado este programa, entre otras cosas, para crear planes energéticos detallados en el Caribe. El uso de PLEXOS es especialmente aconsejable si el cliente ya utiliza el software: a diferencia de PyPSA, el funcionamiento de PLEXOS no requiere conocimientos de programación.
HOMER: Análisis rápidos para sistemas pequeños
HOMER Pro es desde hace tiempo una herramienta estándar para realizar análisis rápidos de inversión y funcionamiento en pequeños sistemas eléctricos. En comparación con PyPSA y PLEXOS, la funcionalidad es algo limitada, HOMER sólo puede simular sistemas con menos de 20 unidades de generación y no tiene representación de red. Sin embargo, la facilidad de uso y la robustez del software, así como la capacidad de crear y analizar rápidamente muchos escenarios, hacen de HOMER una herramienta muy útil, que Energynautics utiliza a menudo, especialmente para redes autónomas y sistemas híbridos. Con HOMER – a menudo en combinación con DIgSILENT PowerFactory y scripts Python de desarrollo propio – ya se han realizado estudios en las Islas Galápagos, las Bahamas, varias islas indonesias y sistemas aislados de la red en Europa.
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